信阳市主要野生水产动物重金属含量分析及质量安全评价

测定了信阳市主要野生水产动物Cd、Cr、Pb、As和Hg的含量,并根据单因子污染指数评价法对信阳市主要野生水产动物的品质进行质量安全评价。结果表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物的所有样品中均检出Pb和Cr,但均未检出Cd和Hg。在鲫鱼、鲤鱼、青虾和克氏原螯虾中检出As,检出率分别为60%、65.5%、55%和50%。单因子污染指数评价法表明,8种信阳市主要野生水产动物均受到不同程度的Pb污染,鲤鱼和鲫鱼受到了轻度的As污染。     

Changes in thyroid hormone levels in eggs and larvae and in iodide uptake by eggs of coho and chinook salmon,Oncorhynchus kisutsch andO. tschawytscha

Developmental profiles of thyroxin (T₄), triiodothyronine (T₃) and radioactive iodide uptake were established for eggs and T₄ and T₃ profiles were established for larvae (whole-body, yolk-only and body-only) of coho and chinook salmon. T₄ and T₃ were consistently present in all samples. In eggs, hormone levels remained fairly constant in all cohorst for at least the first three weeks of incubation, but then fluctuated in both directions in some sample groups. Large increases in T₄ (from 9 ng/g to 245 ng/g) were seen in 1985 chinook eggs 28 days after fertilization. Radioactive iodide uptake (which was used as a possible indicator of thyroxinogenesis) increased at least 10-fold in both 1986 coho and chinook eggs from 23–30 days after fertilization. T₄ (62 ng/g) and T₃ (393 ng/g) were found in the bodies of 28-day-old 1986 chinook embryos. In whole larvae, hormone levels varied depending upon the cohort studied. In general, initial body-only concentrations of both T₄ and T₃ decreased as body weight increased, but before yolksac resorption was completed, both thyroid hormone content and concentration increased (except for chinook T₃). T₄ and T₃ content in larval yolk stayed constant as yolksac size decreased, resulting in increased thyroid hormone concentration in the yolksac. All of these data suggest that the initial source of thyroid hormones in coho and chinook salmon eggs is maternal, but that by approximately 3–4 weeks after fertilization, the developing embryos begin to produce their own thyroid hormones. After hatching, increases in tissue T₄ and T₃ concentration coupled with constant T₄ and T₃ content in diminishing yolksacs suggest that larvae also produce their own thyroid hormones; yolksac content then may reflect both the original maternal hormones and the larva-producted hormones.     

氟离子对西伯利亚鲟胚胎发育的影响

本试验在水温17±1℃的条件下,采用半静态式生物毒性试验方法,探讨了氟离子(F-)对西伯利亚鲟胚胎发育的影响。结果表明,100~600 mg/L氟暴露会导致胚胎孵化延迟,氟暴露组半数孵化时间(MHT)比对照组推迟9~22 h。氟暴露同时导致胚胎死亡率显著增加(P<0.05),出膜仔鱼活力减弱、存活时间缩短、畸形率显著升高(P<0.05),出现卵黄囊畸形、脊椎畸形、眼部充血等畸形症状。试验得出F-致西伯利亚鲟胚胎144 h半致死浓度(LC50)为447.61 mg/L,孵化安全浓度(SC)为4.48 mg/L,导致仔鱼畸形的半数效应浓度(EC50)为536 mg/L。氟对西伯利亚鲟胚胎的安全质量浓度低于我国部分高氟地区地下水、地表水及人为氟污染水域中氟含量,提示天然水体中氟可能会对鱼类胚胎产生负面影响,应引起重视。     

Effects of ethylene,abscisic acid and auxin on fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.)

Fruit abscission in water dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC.) was investigated by measuring fruit removal force (FRF) affected by fruit ages and plant hormones. FRF decreased rapidly 30 days after anthesis (DAA). Ethylene evolution increased rapidly at 35 DAA and ABA concentration increased gradually after 20 DAA. ACC and ethephon decreased the FRF of fruit explants and the promoting effect of ACC was delayed by silver thiosulphate and cycloheximide, but not by norbornadiene and actinomycin D. ABA enhanced fruit abscission without increasing ethylene evolution. However, the observation that CoCl₂ delayed abscission induced by ABA indicates possible involvement of ethylene in the ABA effect. Treatment with NAA, fenoprop and IAA had no effect on 30 DAA fruit explants, but IAA delayed abscission of 25 DAA explants. This suggests that the effect of auxins may differ with fruit age when used as control agents.     

辣椒雄性不育机理与应用研究

介绍了我国辣椒雄性不育研究在细胞学、内源激素、物质代谢等方面取得的新进展,分析了辣椒雄性不育在生产中的应用,并提出了展望.     

机动车驾驶员感觉与安全行车的重要性

人的视觉、听觉、知觉和内部感觉等在安全行车中发挥着重要的作用,正确认识这些感觉,并在行车过程中保持各种感觉的协调,才能做到安全行车。     

农机监理执法困境及应对措施

农机监理执法是确保农机安全生产的必要手段,但在实际执法过程中常常会遇到一些困境,如责、权不一,农民法制观念淡薄等,所以需要强化农机监理执法人员素质,提高执法水平,加大宣传力度,提高农民的法律意识和法制观念。     

农机安全监管探索

新形势下加强农机安全生产工作,各级党委、政府、农机部门应从落实“三个代表”重要思想和讲政治、保稳定、促发展出发,增强责任感和紧迫感,把党中央和国务院关于加强安全生产方针政策落到实处,以强化安全责任、安全教育、专项整治、依法制机为重点,提高认识,转变管理方式,完善自身建设,健全安全监理网络,扎实有效地加强农机安全生产工作,推动农机化向前发展。     

Ability of salmon growth hormone to accelerate somatic growth of juvenil abalone Haliotis discus hannai

ABSTRACT:   The ability of salmon growth hormone (sGH) to accelerate the somatic growth of juvenile abalone Haliotis discus hannai by immersion was examined. After immersion for one hour into a sGH-rich solution at a concentration of 30 mg/L, the sGH immunoreactivity in the body fluid of abalone was maximal after one day, and levels were still detectable at two days. No immunoreactivity was observed in the control group. Following immersion for one hour at one or two-week intervals for 120 weeks into the sGH-rich solution at 30 mg/L, the sGH-immersed abalone exhibited a significant increase in shell length and body weight. On the other hand, abalone immersed into a salmon prolactin (sPRL)-rich solution at 30 mg/L for one hour showed a lower increase in both shell length and body weight than the sGH-immersed abalone. No increases in shell length and body weight were observed in either the bovine serum albumin-immersed abalone or untreated controls. These results provide evidence that sGH can be transported from ambient water into the circulatory system of abalone, and can subsequently improve the somatic growth of juveniles.